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Romans 1:1 - Genitive of Relationship - Corps - October 3, 1978

3rdburglar by Wordburglar
Topic: Rom 1:1,logospedia,lp
Format: mp3,pdf
Publication Date: October 3, 1978

On Ephesians 4:25 where I want to begin tonight, or where we will begin tonight , the first part of what the Research Team gave me is the work that Walter Cummins published in our wonderful Way Magazine on "The Spoken Word." Also, as we cover Ephesians 4:28 tonight, I had all the information in front of me from another article that Walter Cummins has in the... has had in the Magazine. The first article on Ephesians 4:25 is entitled "The Spoken Word." The one on Ephesians 4:28 is "Workers for God." Both of these pieces of work by Walter are absolutely superb. And I believe that they should appear and will appear in our research journal GMIR whenever we begin publishing that. {GMIR Aramaic word meaning ' to perfect, accomplish , mature, complete, arithmetically to be divisible without any remainder.}

And I noticed again that some of the things that were stated are just so beautifully and logically presented, I'm truly thankful for, not only Walter, but the whole Research Department. I think our Biblical Research Department is just second to none. And it' s even going to be better by God' s mercy and grace next year and in years to come than it is at this time. And right now I do not believe that our Biblical Research Department needs to take a back seat for any academic institution or work in the world.

And I thought today, I have never... I've never thought of Walter Cummins in any other capacity than to be my assistant. I know Vince Finnegan, you know, on the books is my assistant. And that' s great. But I've never thought of Walter Cummins in any other capacity for so many years as always being my assistant. And I think he' s just the most wonderful person that any president could have as his assistant. And also to be chairmen of the Department of Greek, and then the coordinator of the Biblical research of The Way International. For any one man to have that position and that responsibility is an awesome reality and I'm real proud of Walter and real thankful for him. But I am also thankful for the rest of our wonderful men and women in the Research Department.

I would like for the Corps all over the country to go to the Magazine and find "The Spoken_Word," that's the title of it, dealing with Ephesians 4:25 and other scriptures, and before the next Corps meeting next week, you endeavor to master that great piece of work by Walter Cummins. It's just, you know, the spoken Word. Over fifty Greek words are used in the New Testament in connection with the faculties of utterance. Over fifty. And then he takes the most important ones and he lists them and it' s just. .. it' s just a piece of research work that you should really as a Corps master in your heart and in your life.

Ephesians 4:25 in the King James reads, Wherefore put away lyin g, speak every man truth with his neighbor: for we are members one of another.

The ' putting away' was interesting to me again because of the Greek word aniko, a-n-i-k-o.

And this word is ' the putting away,' this word ' put away,' aniko, is the same root word as in 4:22, where we use the word ' rest,' meaning ' to rest.' Is that right? Yep, that is right. I taught you that,

didn't I? Did I or didn't I? Doesn't look right to me. It is the same root. What chapter am I missing? Am I missing anything? I don't know. Right now I'm screwed up, ha ha. First time today. You check the word again and I'll do that, too and see what I'm missing here.

But a-n-i-k-o is the word for ' putting away from you. ' To put away. And it' s the same root as the word ' rest.' I don't know where the word appears, but it's got to be in there.

Now, that word ' speak,' every man speak. That word ' speak ' is from the Greek word

laleo, l-a-l-e-long-o. And that' s where Walter' s article on "The Spoken Word"_c omes in because that is.. .he uses that word laleo in here, which I teach in Corinthians when I teach the Foundational Class. And he says the word is employed 24 times in I Corinthians chapter 14. I had forgotten that.

This word is truly significant. I couldn' t quite understand it Research Department, what  you said on page 26B 16, where you defined it ' to make vocal utterance,' ' to babble,' 'to talk,'  'to  exercise the faculty of speech without reference to the words spoken.' I just wondered if there might not be another word that could be substituted or utilized at this point. I know that Zachariah 8:16 is the quotation that is used here, or spoken of. And that Zachariah 8:16 adds force to what is said by using a quote, a quotation. That' s why my question to the Research Department is, How can it be without reference to what is spoken if it is truth plus the quotation of the Word of God that's given. It doesn't quite fit for me.

'With his neighbor' has to be a believing neighbor. This 'speak truth with his neighbor' is a figure of speech gnome, g-n-o-m-e, which simply is a citation. And that' s a citation from Zachariah 8:16.

There are a series of figures of speech, Corps, in chapter four which just put the 00mph, the highlight, to the particular things that are set whereby you put off the old man. This phrase here 'speak every man truth with his neighbor'  is one of them. The other one appears in verse 26, 'be  angry and sin not.' ' Steal no more' is another one. 'Corrupt communication' is the fourth one.  'Grieve not the  holy spirit' is the fifth one. ' All bitterness, wrath, anger, clamor, evil speaking' is  the sixth. And  then  ' be kind' and so forth, is the seventh.

You see, the last phrase in that verse, in King James, For we' re members one of what? [Another] And it' s relative to the neighbor. Now you just look at that. Wherefore put away  lying, speak  every  man truth with his what? [Neighbor] For we are members  one of  another.  That  doesn't  mean just  a neighbor who lives next door, but it has to be a believing neighbor because  we are members  one of what? [Another]. You could not be a member ' one of another' ifhe  was an  unbeliever.  That's how I know this is going to  work. This tells me that the neighbor  is  a  believer.  And  this  ' we' re members one of another' continues the imagery of the Body of Christ.

The literal  according  to  usage of this verse is as follows:   Wherefore  put away the  lie... and I believe in my heart, before I go on with the literal that until man is born again, it's all a lie anyways. And that' s why I believe that this translation will fit in the light of that knowledge. Because when  a man is not born again, his whole  life is just a  lie. Now you're  born again,  and that ' s  why  I think the text states it ' wherefore put away the lie,' the life you' ve been living , the screwed up life you have lived outside of God. It' s been just a life of a lie. It' s not truth. It' s just the opposite of truth and that's my reason for translating it this way... Wherefore put away the lie.

You've got to go with that translation. You have no other text to go by both from Aramaic and Greek it's 'lie.' Not 'lying.' If the Research Department has anything to share in the light of that, I'd be blessed to hear, but you' ve heard my reasons for translating it, Research Department, this way.

Now since they're born again, their whole life is changed, so the life of lying, and living a lie, and being a lie, and being false, is to be put away.

And every man... this is the translation ... and everyone, everyone. The word ' man' you could use because it's an inclusive noun, but I prefer to use the word ' one.'

Wherefore put away the lie and everyone speak the truth with his neighbor for we are members one of another. That is literal according to usage.

Now for the expanded according to understanding. It's not bad. Because of this... What we coughing for? Everybody sick?...Because of this... and the reason I went in the expanded along this line is because verse 24 last week told us that we are created by God in righteousness and in true purity, through holiness. Twenty four.

That's why 25, Wherefore ... 'wherefore' can be translated 'because of this.' Because of this what? Being created in righteousness and truly pure. See it's an inside job.

Because of this being created in righteousness and truly pure by the grace and the love of

God.. .Because of this being created in righteousness and truly pure, you put away, completely lay to rest the lie that you have been and were living and each one of you speak the truth using a quotation from the Word with his believing neighbor for we are members one of another in the Body of the Church.

Robinson {Edward} said, he translated, 'speak every man truth with his neighbor' and he said it's from Zachariah 8:16 which adds force to what is said by using a quote. That's why I translated that. I think that' s great. It adds force to what is said. If you're speaking to someone, it adds force to what you say by using a quote, a quotation from God's Word. In other words, ' you share the Word with them.' That' s why I went with that translation. I want to give it to you again in this sense.

Speak the truth using a quotation from the Word, which means 'share the Word.' Quote the Word to them. Tell them what the Word says, with his believing neighbor. Why? For we are members one of another in the Body of the Church. This verse is just mind blowing.

Here, you have a born-again believer neighbor who needs to grow up a little more. So what do you do? Each one speak the truth to that neighbor, that believer, using the Word, quoting the Word because we' re members one of another in the Body of the Church. It's a real positive thing to do.

Verse 26 in King James reads, Be angry.. .ha ha... we like that one, don't we. Be ye angry and sin not: let not the sun go down upon your wrath.

Here is a verse of Scripture that' s very, very difficult for most people. And it' s not too easy for us either. But I think we are able to share the truth of the greatness of this and it's been burning in my heart for a long time to do this with our people.

Everybody has problems with ' how can you be angry and not sin?' You know, how can raise hell with something and not be sinful in doing it? Teed off and not be sinful. And how can you go... and what does it mean 'don't let the sun go down upon your wrath?' See.

In the context, here, verses 26 and 27 deal with your believing neighbor, specifically. Then the Greek word for ' anger' which is from the root orge, o-r-g-long-e means 'anger together with the desire of revenge .' That' s bad. That' s a heavy. The Hebrew word means ' to kill, and all the tumults of passion that terminate in killing.' So it's a real heavy word when it said ' be angry.'

And the way I believe it's used in God' s Word, ' be ye angry' means ' it's a long time anger with your believing neighbor until a change has ensued.' The desire to... of revenge is a change. And I, knowing the Word in the light of the new birth, it's where a change finally comes about. Until that time, you just, long-term, you just stay put witnessing the Word, sharing the Word. You do not dislike the believing neighbor; you simply dislike that he is not fully accepting the Word and walking on it. So it' s a long-term anger until a change has ensued. You just stay faithful.

I don't know what else to do with those words. It is a righteous anger. Yet it is a righteous anger without sin.

Among the scholars, there is a disagreement on these words. Well, I don't know about my being a scholar; that I don' t anything about being about. But it's simple to me because righteous anger is commanded by God's Word when it says ' be ye angry.' Well, the scholars can fight about it. I don' t care. It' s a command. Not just permitted to get teed once in a while when somebody' s off of God' s Word, a believer is off of God's Word. You' re always teed off righteously at any believer, born-again believer, who is off of God' s Word. And for those of us in the Way Ministry, it' s been a lifetime.

Get into it with them on... Oh what subject do you want to talk about? Baptism? Food? One God? See. All that stuff.

The Aramaic is accurate in the words ' and sin not.' It literally translates ' and you will not sin.' Again, this ' be angry and sin not' is that figure gnome. Quotation. A citation from the Old Testament. It' s from Psalm 4:4. But in King James, Psalm 4:4, it's translated 'stand in awe.' The real sense of the Hebrew is ' one of admonition;' sin not. Where we' re admonished to not sin. Sin not.

' Let not the sun go down on your wrath. ' Ha ha. That again is beautiful. People went to bed when the sun went down, when it got dark. That's when they went to bed. So what that simply is saying, ha ha, ' don't go to bed teed off.' Don' t let the sun go down on your wrath. In other words, go to bed; don' t go to bed mad. ' When you go to bed' is what it means. Let not the sun go down when you go to bed. And they went to bed when the sun went down. When it got dark, they went to bed, see.

' Upon your wrath.' And the word ' wrath' here is basically ' irritation.' Ha ha. Previously when I taught Ephesians, I made mention of this fact, ' don' t let righteous anger shake you, wondering if it was right on. When you go to bed, go to sleep.'

Now, this is what we have done with it in the literal, ha ha, according to usage. I got more papers up here than Carter has liver pills, or something. Then, I can' t find my... whatever it is I take off of it.

Okay, verse 26. You be righteously angry.. .this is literal according to usage.. .and you will not be sinning. Don't go to bed even with a momentary irritation, ha ha.

I don't think you get nearly as much fun out of this as I do. It's neat. It's absolutely scrumptious, see. At the opening, is that heavy word, remember? Anger. So it's a real heavy time. So what he is saying, in the heavy time, when your standing on God' s Word  and sharing that with the  believing  neighbor, you' re righteously angry... you're not sinning. And  you don't  even go to  bed with a momentary irritation. In other Words, when you go to bed, thank God the day is over. Say your last prayer and start snoring.

Boy, that would save a lot of sleeping pills, wouldn' t it? Practicing that principle. Boy, oh boy, what a tremendous Word. And hardly anybody understands verse 26. They argue about it, but they don' t get the understanding.

Now this is the expanded one according to understanding, I hope. And again, I would like to just lay some things before the Corps, and especially before the Research Department. I translated the first part of verse 26, You always stay angry with an all-out desire to have them to change which anger will not be sin on your part.

Then I have another translation of that first part of it: You be righteously angry, 'teed off' with sin... 'Teed off' I put in quotes. But don't  you sin  by acting  ' holier than thou'  vaunting  yourself  by acting so righteously like you never sin.

I do not know which one of those two the Research Department feels would be the better. The last part of the phrase that I translated which would go with both of these that I have given you here on the expanded one for understanding. This, the last part, goes with that first one and with the second ... also.. .even if it is only a momentary irritation.  When you go to  bed, go to sleep. That's what I did with it.

Now, verse 27. King James says, Neither (or neither) give place to the Devil. The word 'place' is simply a portion, a part. No believer will give full place to the Devil, but he may be giving a part, a portion. He' ll mark off a spot, ' this is Devil' s permission over here, over here, no permission, you know. And you really give the Devil a portion or a spot if you stew about it after you go to bed and you toss and you tum and can' t sleep.

This word 'the Devil,' ' the Devil' in the Aramaic is a very interesting and exciting Word to me and it blesses my heart. It' s a compound word where the first part means ' to eat' or ' to devour.' The latter

' to slander' or ' to accuse. '  So when I got to translating  this, literally according  to usage, verse 27 reads: Do not give any portion or space or an opportunity to the Devil. So I used those three words synonymously: portion, space, opportunity. Do not give any portion or space or an opportunity to the Devil.

The expanded according to understanding: And you will not give a toehold, an opportunity or an occasion for the Devil to eat you. Ha ha. I get more fun than you ever will out of working this stuff, huh.

You see, and to me, that communicates to my understanding. John 10:10. The thief cometh not but for to what? [Steal, kill, and destroy] Right. To eat you out. To beat you. And that's why that Aramaic word, on the word ' Devil' really thrilled me.

And that ' s why I put it into the expanded translation: And you will not give a ' toehold.' Now, at L.E.A.D., you know how important it is to get a what? [Toehold] Ha ha. And when you' re really climbing in, you' re blessed for a toehold. How thankful you are when you get a foothold. Now the adversary can never get a foothold in a believer' s life until he first has a toehold. That's why I translated it that way.

Do not give... and you will not give a toehold ... shave all the rocks off... an opportunity or an occasion for the Devil to eat you. And that' s exactly what he likes to do to believers.

Now we go to verse 28. King James says, Let him that stole steal not more: but rather let him labor, working with his hands the thing which is good, that he may have to give to him that needeth. And here again, is another great work that I believe should be in our research journal GMIR, Walter' s work on " Workers for God."

It' s just tremendous where he... you know... he just goes into God' s men are called many things in the Word. They' re called: fellow workers, ministers, or servants, slaves, fellow slaves, partners, messengers, soldiers, fellow soldiers, athletes, fellow athletes, stewards, ambassadors, witnesses, all of those. And he covers them so beautifully. And I love very much how he covered the word ' slave,' because it' s a much stronger word than to be a minister, or to be a servant. It is to be one who is branded, marked out, sold out. And baby, from that day on, there are no ifs, and' s, or but' s. You never budge on it. You are branded. Most believers are never branded. They may be servants, they may be ministers, but they are not branded. When you' re branded, you stay faithful. You do not budge. You do not change. You stay put. If all hell breaks loose, you still live the believing Word.

I think the prophet once said, If I was in the midst of hell, God I know you' d be there. (Psalm 139:8) He' d be there. That' s the doulos. That, of course, is just a tremendous piece of work.

And the other great part that I think... and this is a second piece that I want the Corps to master before next Wednesday night, " Workers for God," the work on ' witness.' You see, it's the same word basically that's translated ' martyr,' see. And we got a lot of those canonized. That's not at all what a witness is. A witness is a living example, not a dead one. The word 'martyr' simply means that you lay down your life in witnessing. And boy, when you put the doulos together with ' witness,' then you' ve got power for abundant living. It's just a fantastic work by Walter and I' m real grateful that it was published. Because once it' s in print, people can take a look at it if they want to.

I'd like a cup of coffee, please.

Now, we are in verse 28. The Aramaic translation is ' and he who was stealing.' I understand it from the English, ' let him that stole,' past tense. The Aramaic is real simple, real strong. ' And he, the one who is born again, who was, past tense, stealing.'

Thank you.

His whole life was one of those before he was born again.

Whenever you bring a cup of coffee to a right-hand man, you put the handle to the right. When you serve a cup of coffee to a left-hand man, you put it on the left-hand side and put the handle to the left. Corps principle number seven or something, ha ha. Mrs. Wierwille would say, Well, be thankful you even get a cup of coffee. [Laughter] Ah, you're wonderful.

See, ' let him who stole, steal no more.' 'Stole and steal,' that' s a figure of speech and is polyptoton p-o-l-y-p-t-o-t-o-n. It' s a repetition of the same root word in different parts of speech or reflections. But, that's not earth shaking right now in my heart.

You see, in some Eastern culture, it was not considered a sin or a shame to steal because that's the way they lived, the only way they lived. Somebody told me... or not only told me, one of our people, but it was in a national magazine, that the basic culture of Russia today is to steal. And in some respects I can understand this. If you don't have anything and you're starving to death and there' s a loaf of bread you can get a hold of... steal the dam thing. I understand that.

So this verse is really sharp, really sharp. Let him who stole, even though that man previously considered it the way to live and there was no shame in it, no sin in it. He said, Well, let that fellow who stole, steal no more. Something has happened on the inside of that man. Something that happened, where He is able to meet all of our need according to His riches in glory. Christ in you, the hope of glory. More than conquerors.

A record in the Old Testament, I forget where it is, but it's in there, that it' s never, you never need to borrow or steal bread or... what is that in the Old Testament? Begging bread. One person stand and tell me. {Psalm 37:25, I have been young and now am old; yet have I seen the righteous forsaken, nor His seed begging bread.} Psalm 27:25 who? {Psalm 37:25} 37:25. All the years, he's never seen the righteous to have to do what? {Beg bread} Beg bread.

First of all, I wish the Christian world could hear this. Secondly, I wish our government in the United States could understand it. The Word says, If you don't work, you don' t eat. A lot of that stuff. Well, what we've been doing is stealing from the people who are willing to work to give to the people who don' t want to work. That's a bunch of crap. That's stealing. That's why this verse is so hot in my soul tonight. Let him who stole, quit stealing, dang it. See.

Many years ago I was really knocked for a loop along some of this line in India, from Dr. Williams. I think he loved India maybe like I love the United States, I don' t know. Because only a man knows how much he loves his own country, I guess.

But... as we were traveling together, he said to me, Dr. Wierwille, I hear you have whores in the United States.

You know, I never had given it a thought. I just took it for granted. [Laughter] And I said, yeah. He said, Why does a rich country like the United States have whores?

And I said, I don't know.

And he said, I can't understand it. Cannot your women make enough money to live? Yeah, but they figure that' s cheaper and more pleasurable or something, I don' t know. And he said, Well, I think it's sinful that the United States has whores.

And I said, What do you mean?

And he said to me, why, I can understand India. He said we don' t enough food, we don' t have enough of anything hardly for a lot of people. And we have whores because that' s the only way they can continue to live physically.

And I thought to myself, well boy, that' s slapping me in the face good. And I took it as a wonderful lesson. There is no excuse in the United States for any women being a whore because she doesn' t need to get screwed and paid for it in order to get money so she can live. There's plenty of work available and if there isn' t she ought to get born again, then there' s a guarantee of work. ..other work, available. I tell you, when you' re honest, some of these men in other countries have some real logic behind their thinking. How would you have liked to have handled that? I just simply admitted, Well, I think we' re wrong in the United States. But I said, I think you' re wrong in India, too, because no reason to have whores here if you get them born again.

So I don' t know. But this verse today as I worked the final working on this verse 28 is when my heart really went back and burned with that truth that Dr. Williams had stated. Because in many Eastern cultures, it was not considered as sin or as shame to steal, if it was a matter of livelihood. You sometimes wonder who will live in the greatest condemnation before God and justice and judgment when the time comes.

For in most of what are called poor countries even, there is sufficient money, food, and other things for the people to live if those in positions of authority were not so selfish and egotistical, and want it for themselves , and let the rest of the world die... or a country die.

The word ' labor' in verse 28 is the word which literally means ' hard work resulting in fatigue.' That's how I felt coming from the woods last night. And I didn' t do anything. It was just hard work being there with the rest of you. Today I got so tired of being with some, I came home. Ah, you' re wonderful.

' Working with his hands' is an Eastern cultural type of thing. Today in our culture, you could have it, you know, the truth is working with your mind or working with your hand, whatever you' re working at. But in Eastern culture, every son was to be trained to work with his hands, even if he was the son of a king. Had to learn a trade, a profession of business.

Jesus Christ was a saddle maker. He made them to ride, I guess, what do you want? Tennessee Walkers , or? See. I think not only did he do that, Paul did it, too, you know. Someday I'm going to find a...or Walter, or some of those, are going to find me a manuscript to prove it. .. and a wonderful carpenter by trade. Many times doing carpentry work and being a saddle maker were sort of in the same household, because building carpentry and having saddles to use for their business and carrying on, were very, very closely aligned. Well, I won' t argue the point, but I wish we' d keep looking.

II Thessalonians.. .Do your hands ever get so dry you can hardly hold anything? Golly, mine are so dry tonight, I wonder why? II Thessalonians, chapter 3:10... this we commanded you that if any would not work, neither should he what? [Eat] Right. Even unemployment is no excuse for stealing. He just doesn' t eat. Goes and gets work. Boy, when I first saw the greatness of these principles many years ago, and then of course, I uniquely by God' s grace, inculcated that into our W.O.W. program and very dynamically in the Corps leadership.

ROMANS 1:1
“THE GENITIVE OF RELATIONSHIP”
October 3, 1978
[This teaching was done by Dr. Wierwille and Rev. Cummins.]
Last week I taught you the word “servant” and told you technically that second word in the
Romans 1:1 is servant. Then I said, “Paul, servant of Jesus Christ.” The indefinite article is
okay, but I wouldn’t need it. The emphasis would be Paul, servant. First thing is the man;
second thing is his responsibility. He’s a doulos, a servant.
Now, the third word is a preposition. You can wrongly divide the Word on prepositions
until you are blue in the face. I think we could start 1500 denominations over the misusage
or wrong usage or changing of prepositions and not understanding them. In the
Foundational Class we talk about to whom it’s written, the preposition. I teach you to
watch to whom it’s addressed. For our learning. These details. The third word here is a
preposition “of,” very small word. If you don’t understand it and you wrongly divide it,
you’ve got problems.
Since this is the third word in here, and we’re really trying to set the basis for the Book of
Romans for you, I’ve asked Walter tonight to handle this preposition “of,” and the
importance of prepositions.
[The following is by Rev. Cummins.]
In Greek class we hand out a sheet that has all the prepositions on it and we go into a lot
greater detail. But briefly, the thing you have to look at is whenever you see an English
preposition, there are two possibilities behind it in the Greek text. Number one, it is a
Greek preposition, or it is a function of the case of the words that are following it. Like
Jesus Christ happens to be here in the genitive case. That’s why it’s translated “of Jesus
Christ.” It’s not a specific preposition in Greek, although in English it appears that way.
Whether it is a preposition in Greek or whether it’s a function of a case, it still does
something similar. In either event, it limits the noun or the word that it modifies and
generally in some geometrical fashion.
Example – Here’s a glass of water. The water in this, if we speak of the water being in the
glass, does that draw you a geometrical relationship? Yes, it’s inside of, it’s enclosed
within it. But if I said the water is on the glass, you’d have a totally different picture
geometrically.
[Dr. Wierwille] But if you said the water is in the glass, it’s not really in the glass, it’s
inside it. That’s why these prepositions are so important. When it talks about Christ in
you,that gets to be real interesting.
Is the water really in the glass? No, it’s really inside of the container.
[Rev. Cummins continues teaching.]
If we spoke of it as being above the glass, then you could look for rain. If we spoke of it
under the glass, it would be down here. Those are all prepositions that show you the
geometrical relationship involved between the noun following and the noun that the phrase
is modifying.
The genitive case will do the same thing. It will limit that noun in some geometrical
fashion. Generally, it’s geometrical. At least it limits it in some particular fashion.
Two of the common prepositions in Greek that come up every once in a while are ek and
apo. Both of them are translated “from,” but geometrically they draw totally different
pictures. You have a circle. Ek means from, as going out from the middle of that circle,
whereas apo means from, going away from the circumference of the circle. Both are
translated “from,” but they draw a totally different picture geometrically. If we had a glass
of water and we used ek, the fish jumped out of the water, he’d jump out of the glass. If he
moved away from the glass, he would already be outside and he would be moving away
from it. That would be apo.
In Romans 1:1 “of Jesus Christ,” it’s not a preposition in Greek, although it is in English.
But it’s a translation of the genitive case. In Greek, there are 12 different usages of the
genitive case. Most of those we can eliminate simply because of the grammatical
construction here or the thought context. It’s obvious that it’s not those particular usages of
the genitive case.
There are five of them that I’d like to go through briefly with you. It can only be one, but
there are four others that should be considered, and I’ll show you why it is not those four.
The first one is the genitive of character. It cannot be a genitive of character. A genitive
of character is a word, a noun, used in the genitive case that has an adjective force. Like
the word “might,” or “strength.” Like a man of strength is a strong man. Angels of might
or mighty angels. Jesus Christ is not an adjective in force, although there are words that
could be used to describe it in an adjective fashion, but not using the words “Jesus Christ.”
So it cannot be a genitive of character.
It cannot be a genitive of origin, or sometimes called a subjective genitive, because a
genitive of origin means that the noun that’s in the genitive case is the cause of the noun
that the phrase is modifying. In other words, Jesus Christ would be the cause of Paul being
a servant or slave. We by our free will make ourselves doulos. So it cannot be a genitive of
origin.
Example of genitive of origin – Like love of God, it’s the love that comes from God.
Shows the cause, or where it comes from. Or peace of God, or the comfort of the
scriptures. The comfort comes from the scriptures.
Now, another one, the objective genitive, or sometimes referred to as a genitive of
relation. That’s not relationship. Most of the grammars refer to it as the objective genitive.
This is the only one essentially where the action is moving toward the noun that’s in the
genitive case. In other words, before we talked about the love of God. Now we talk about
the God of love. It’s God which gives love. See how the action is moving toward the noun
in the genitive case. The God of love, or the God which gives love. Or God of peace,
which is the God which gives peace. This cannot be the servant that gives, or servant
leading to Jesus Christ, or servant toward. It could be service. If the word was service, it
would fit. But not servant. A person can’t be toward. A thing can be toward. So, it could
not be an objective genitive.
Philippians 4:7
That is a genitive of origin. It’s the peace that comes from God. The peace from; God will
guard your hearts.
Philippians 4:9
Here it’s the God which gives peace. That would be an objective genitive. So there you
have the two used close together.
Another type of genitive is the genitive of apposition, and it is expressed equivalence, and
it’s translated “that is to say,” or “which is.” An example would be the temple of his body,
or the temple, that is to say, his body. See how it’s equivalent? Another one is the earnest
of the spirit, or the token of the Spirit. The token, that is to say, the spirit. The spirit is the
token. See the equivalence expressed? Or the breastplate of righteousness. The breastplate
which is righteousness. That’s the genitive of apposition. Sign of circumcision. The sign
which is circumcision. Bond of peace. In Romans 1:1 this cannot be that, because it’s not a
servant which is Jesus Christ, since Paul is not Jesus Christ.
What is it? It’s a genitive of relationship. It is expressing a relationship between the two
nouns, between servant and Jesus Christ. The genitive of relationship limits the word that it
modifies by defining the propinquity and affiliation that exists between the two words.
Propinquity is a kinship or relationship. In other words, if you are kin to somebody or your
family, it’s a family relationship. But there can be other types of relationships. That’s why
I used the word affiliation. You could be affiliated in a certain way that’s not bloodline.
But it defines that propinquity or that kinship that you have or the affiliation between the
two nouns. That’s what the genitive of relationship does.
There are three major subdivisions of the genitive of relationship. One is family
relationship. Like if we said the son of John. Geometrically, look at it. You have John here,
up above, and the arrow drawn down to the son. He’s the son of John. If I said the mother
of John, it would be just backwards. Now the arrow is going up. The mother of John. If I
said the brother of John, it would be a horizontal picture. The brother of John. Okay?
Brothers we think of as parallel. Family relationship is one subcategory.
A second one is servant, or slave, relationship. Like a slave of John. A slave or servant of
God. This could only be in a vertical relationship. In this division of this usage it is
expressed ownership because the slave is owned by the lord or master. He belongs to,
might be a way to translate it. A slave of Jesus Christ. A slave who belongs to. It expresses
ownership. Jesus Christ owns the slave. You were bought with a price.
The third subcategory is broad relationships. This category has many variations in it. The
church of God expresses a relationship. It expresses ownership, but not in the sense that a
slave is owned. The church of God or the church of a particular area. The church of New
Knoxville. The Way of Ohio. It expresses a broad relationship between The Way and the
area.
[Dr. Wierwille] Can you think of another synonym for “broad” that would define it more?
That cannot apply to the kissing cousins. It’s not family. My kissing cousins are that by
birth. They are not that broad relationship.
[Rev. Cummins continues.]
Romans 16:10
Household, or place, of Aristobulus. Genitive case. That would be a broader thing than just
immediate family. The whole household.
Romans 16:16
Churches of Christ – Church’s relationship with Christ. It’s a broader thing than family or
servant.
I Corinthians 1:2
Church of God – It’s the church’s relationship with God.
[Dr. Wierwille reads Romans 1:7.] Called saints. Could “beloved of God, called saints,” go
in that broader relationship or is that the family relationship or servant relationship? What
is this going to be when I get to Verse 7? I’m trying to get into my mind this broad
relationship, the difference between son/family relationship, owner relationship and the
broad relationship so that we can teach it very clearly. The first one I see as birth. The
second one I see as purchased, like Christ gave his life, purchased us with his own precious
blood.
[Rev. Cummins] Beloved could go under broad. It’s not purchased but it’s a whole
different concept.
[Dr. Wierwille] When I develop this in Romans as I’m beginning to see it, the usage of the
word “saints” is real neat in Romans 1, because the others are addressed to the church. This
one is addressed to the saints, individuals. And we’re going to have to handle the reason of
the difference in the word. Why does it say this epistle is to the church? Romans says it’s
to the saints.
[Rev. Cummins continues.]
I Corinthians 15:9
Church of God – again expressing the relationship and putting the emphasis on “of God.”
Whenever it is in the genitive it puts that emphasis on the genitive. He was not persecuting
any old church, but it was the church of God. It’s a broad relationship again.
I Corinthians 15:23
They that are Christ’s – They that are of Christ. Not expressing a family specifically, but a
broader one.
Galatians 1:2
Unto the churches of Galatia – The churches of an area.
Galatians 1:22
Churches of Judaea – an area again.
Ephesians 6:17
Sword of the Spirit – The sword which belongs to the Spirit. It’s relationship is to the
Spirit. It’s not a physical sword that belongs to a man.
Luke 2:49
The business that is my father’s, broader category. Not the family relationship or the
servant, but the business of my father, although both family and service would be involved
in there.
[Dr. Wierwille] That will often be involved in the broader relationship. That one you just
gave in Galatians was a neat one. Churches of Judaea. That’s broad. Some of those
illustrations aren’t too good for me. I don’t see them. I’m not clear on the broad
relationship yet. I understood that one in Galatians. Like we would speak about all The
Way Ministries of all the states. That would be a broad relationship, like the churches of
Galatia.
[Rev. Cummins continues.]
I understand it as a catch-all, more or less, of a lot of things that express a relationship that
will not fit directly into the family or service.
[Dr. Wierwille] Do you kids understand it? I think that one is going to take some added
effort and work. You could wrongly divide the Word on this if it belongs in the upper
category.
This will have to take that one great principle of the Corps, that in-depth spiritual
perception and awareness, to find out whether it’s a broad relationship or whether it’s like
a slave relationship or whether it’s a family relationship. You have to go to the immediate
context and the remoter context to make the decision of the genitive case. I think that’s
what you’re going to have to do.
[Rev. Cummins continues.]
Back to Romans Chapter One. There’s no problem with this one because it definitely goes
with that second category of the slave, ownership. You could look at this and the slave was
considered part of the family. But the slave came in a different way than by birth.
[Dr. Wierwille] We are sons of God by birth. We are doulos of God by willful decision on
our part because of his ownership and purpose.
See why this preposition in the genitive case could just hang you up for months and years
and get you wrongly dividing the Word? That thing is still running up and down my spine.
You could wrongly divide the Word, and that’s what has happened in so many cases
regarding it.
[Rev. Cummins continues.]
Romans 1:1
Because it’s a genitive of relationship, it’s expressing a geometrical relationship between
Paul and Jesus Christ, there Jesus Christ is the lord, master, and Paul is the slave down
here. You’ve got the vertical relationship. It expresses ownership because we were bought
with a price. You could translate it the slave of Jesus Christ, or the slave which belongs to
Jesus Christ because of that ownership.
Now, I’d like to go back to the genitive of character to show you how that usage is used to
emphasize things in the genitive case, but that also is true of other usages of the genitive.
The genitive, because it is defining a specific relationship, that relationship is what is being
emphasized in the context. Otherwise, some other word could be used. In genitive of
character it involves a figure of speech called enallage. Enallage is a figure of speech that
involves an exchange of one word for another, a form, a noun for an adjective, or
whatever. This specific usage when talking about genitive of character where the genitive
is used in place of the adjective. The example is from II Thessalonians Chapter One.
II Thessalonians 1:7
You don’t even see a genitive case there, do you? Mighty is an adjective that is modifying
angels. In the Greek text it is not an adjective. It’s genitive case, and literally it is “angels
of might.” It’s the figure enallage and puts the emphasis on the noun that’s in the genitive
case. It’s angels of MIGHT. The emphasis is on the might of angels rather than on the
angels. When Jesus Christ comes back, he’s not coming back with just any old angels.
He’s coming back with angels of might, power.
Matthew 19:28
Throne of his glory. The emphasis is on the glory. Otherwise, it would say sit in his
glorious throne. Jesus Christ isn’t going to sit in any old throne. It’s going to be a throne of
glory. That’s why the emphasis is on the glory.
Matthew 25:23
Here’s one that is not in the genitive case. It’s a normal adjective. The emphasis is on the
noun. We’re not emphasizing that he’s faithful or good, but simply that he’s a servant.
Matthew 25:26
Wicked and slothful servant – no emphasis on the wicked or slothful. Just servant.
Matthew 25:30
Unprofitable servant – It’s an adjective, not genitive of character. Just normal usage.
II Peter 2:19
Servants of corruption – The emphasis is on the corruption. Slaves of corruption.
[Dr. Wierwille] In other words, when you want to emphasize the adjective, put it in
genitive case. If they just want to emphasize “servant,” or “angels of might,” or “mighty
angels,” if they want to emphasize “angels,” they say “mighty angels.” If they want to
emphasize the might of angels, they put it in the genitive case.
You talk about the Word of God divinely inspired. Holy men of God spake as they were
moved by the Holy Spirit. These words become so singularly significant it just sends chills
up and down your spine. How little people have really looked at the integrity and accuracy
of the Word. That stuff is just fantastic.
[Rev. Cummins continues.]
Romans 6:12
Mortal body, dead body – There’s the adjective used in front of the noun. No emphasis on
dead or death. Just dead body.
Romans 7:24
Body of this death – Remember the Orientalism where the bodies were tied together?
Emphasis on death.
On a genitive of relationship you have nouns used in relationship, but there’s no adjective
force as such with the noun. Like Jesus Christ, or God, or a man. Those are not adjectives
in force. They are proper or common nouns that depict a person.
Romans 1:1
Paul, slave of Jesus Christ. It doesn’t say Paul, slave, does it? No. He’s not just any slave.
He’s putting the emphasis on the relationship with Jesus Christ. You could use some other
form in English. You could say Paul, a Jesus slave, etc. But it would not have the emphasis
as Paul, slave of Jesus Christ, where the emphasis is on who his owner is, who bought him
with a price.
[Dr. Wierwille] Otherwise the emphasis would be on the slave rather than on the ownership.
[Rev. Cummins continues.]
Acts 16:17
Servants – slaves; It doesn’t say these men are godly slaves. Slaves of the most high God.
So they are not just ordinary slaves, but they are slaves of the most high God.
Matthew 13:27
Servants – slaves. It could have said that the slaves came and said to him, just any old
slaves. It wasn’t just any old slaves. It makes it specific that they were the slaves of the
householder, the guy in charge. The top ones, emphasis being on the householder.
Mark 14:47
It could have said smote a slave. It wasn’t just any slave. Slave of the high priest. He hit a
big one. He didn’t just cut any slave. See how the genitive puts the emphasis on it?
Romans 1:1
Paul, slave of Jesus Christ. It’s not just any old slave. But it’s putting the emphasis on
Jesus Christ. You have that geometrical relationship where he is the owner. He is the lord.
Paul was the slave, servant, doulos, of Jesus Christ, putting the emphasis on him. He
wasn’t any old slave, but he was a slave of Jesus Christ, the one that bought him.
Who would you rather be a slave to? Who would you rather belong to than Jesus Christ,
the one who himself became a slave for us. Yet, God highly exalted him that at the name
of Jesus every knee would bow. Who would you rather be a slave to? Paul a slave of Jesus
Christ. Quite a two-letter word, isn’t it?
[Dr. Wierwille] That’s wonderful. Didn’t we publish this in a magazine?
[Rev. Cummins] We have it in my Greek syllabus. I think we passed out individual sheets
on it.
[Dr. Wierwille] The next thing we’re going to do, he said slave, doulos of Jesus Christ.
Now we’re going to have to work Romans to find out why he’s slave of Jesus Christ and
not Christ Jesus. While I handle that I’ll also handle the word “lord,” because it comes up
in Verse 7, and then tie it all together.
That first verse is a gold mine. It’s really great.
The word “Jesus” is used 566 times in the Gospels, while “Christ” is only used 36 times in
the Gospels. The reason why, that’s what I’m after. Then you get to Acts and the church
epistles. In Acts, “Jesus” is used 16 times and only 13 times in all the rest of the epistles.
Total of 29 times from the Book of Acts on. “Christ” is used after the Gospels in the Book
of Acts and epistles 217 times. It’s really something.
When you teach like tonight and I see this Word, it just sends chills up and down my spine,
because of the great integrity and inherent accuracy of the Word.
Bullinger is quite a piece of work. (Refers to Bullinger on prepositions and reads about
“of” from appendix in Bullinger) Then he gives all of these, like genitive of origin, and
then he has this one in here that I don’t like at all. He calls it genitive of possession, which
we don’t like, because possession means that you are not free of your will. Walter and I
have changed that to genitive of relationship or ownership, not possession. Two words that
always stick in my craw – possession and create. Man creates nothing. Only God creates.
Therefore, that word “create” we use very accurately in our vocabulary, as well as
“possession.” Once you understand the devil spirit world, that word possession just sends
chills up and down your spine.
26 Romans 1:1 "Genitive of Relationship"
Then he’s got genitive of character, or quality. Genitive of relation. He’s got genitive of the
ruling principle. Then he’s got genitive of opposition, which we call equivalence. Then he
has genitive of partition, a genitive of content.
Do you handle all of these when you handle prepositions in your syllabus?
[Rev. Cummins] No, I don’t handle all of them. I think we handed out what Bullinger has
in a couple of Greek classes on a separate sheet. We never go into great detail on it.
[Dr. Wierwille] Then we go to when “of” is a translation of a separate Greek word, which
is not true here in Romans. You read it to them, all 14 of them, starting here with ek. This
is a separate Greek word.
[Rev. Cummins] The first one is ek, meaning out from or from among. The second one is
peri, meaning around. The third is apo, meaning away from. Fourth is hupo, meaning
under. The fifth is epi; beside. Sixth is epi, upon. Seventh is huper, over. Eighth is en, in.
Nine is eis, which means into or to or unto. Ten is kata, down. Eleven, dia, means through.
Twelve, pros, which means towards or in the direction of. Thirteen is meta or with.
Fourteen, emprosthen, which means before or in front or in the presence of.
[Dr. Wierwille] Fourteen different words for “of.” So every time you get the genitive case
and you get into that preposition “of,” you’ve got to look it up. Or if it’s an independent
translation of the word “of,” like ek, apo, or en, you’ve just got to stop. It’s that important.
It’s really something how much time a man could spend just taking the genitive where it’s
translated “of” and working the individual words translated “of.” I always, when I’m really
working the Word, I’ll always stop and look up what it is when I hit the genitive or any of
the words.
Do you know anything better in your Greek than Bullinger on the prepositions?
[Rev. Cummins] No.
[Dr. Wierwille (refers to circle chart again)] This is really a mathematical illustration.
Beautiful. See how a man could deceitfully handle the Word of God? You could take a
preposition and squeeze it to prove your theological position. But when you’re in Biblical
research, we don’t squeeze the word, but we work the Word from its immediate context or
remoter context, from its usage of the single word, group of words. There are just so many
things you have to work. That is why when we speak of in-depth spiritual perception and
awareness as one of the Corps principles, that’s why we’re so concerned about the usage of
these words.